The meniscus is a piece of cartilage that cushions and stabilizes the knee joint. Tears are common and can occur due to injury or gradual wear.

Not all meniscus tears require surgery, and understanding the difference can help guide treatment decisions. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

What Is a Meniscus Tear?

The meniscus acts as a shock absorber in the knee. A tear can occur from:

• Sudden twisting movements

• Sports injuries

• Degenerative changes over time

Symptoms of a Meniscus Tear

• Knee pain

• Swelling

• Clicking or locking

• Difficulty bending or straightening the knee

When a Meniscus Tear Can Heal on Its Own

Some tears may heal without surgery, especially if they:

• Occur in areas with good blood supply

• Are small or stable

• Cause minimal symptoms

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

• Rest and activity modification

• Physical therapy

• Anti-inflammatory medications

When Surgery Is Needed

Surgery may be recommended if:

• The tear causes locking or instability

• Symptoms persist despite conservative care

• The tear is large or in a poorly vascularized area

Types of Surgical Treatment

• Meniscus repair

• Partial meniscectomy (removal of damaged tissue)

Recovery Timeline

• Non-surgical recovery may take weeks

• Surgical recovery varies depending on the procedure

• Physical therapy is key to restoring function

If you are experiencing knee pain or suspect a meniscus tear, a proper evaluation can determine the best course of treatment. Contact our office to schedule an appointment.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

Rotator cuff tears are a common cause of shoulder pain, particularly in active individuals and aging patients. These injuries can range from mild inflammation to complete tendon tears.

Understanding when physical therapy is sufficient and when surgery may be necessary is key to choosing the right treatment. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

What Is the Rotator Cuff?

The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder and allow for movement. A tear occurs when one or more of these tendons become damaged.

Symptoms of a Rotator Cuff Tear

• Shoulder pain, especially when lifting the arm

• Weakness in the shoulder

• Limited range of motion

• Pain at night or when lying on the affected side

When Physical Therapy Is Recommended

Many rotator cuff tears can be treated without surgery, especially if they are:

• Partial tears

• Degenerative (age-related) tears

• Associated with mild to moderate symptoms

Benefits of Physical Therapy

• Strengthens surrounding muscles

• Improves flexibility

• Reduces pain

• Restores function

When Surgery May Be Necessary

Surgery may be recommended if:

• The tear is complete or severe

• Symptoms do not improve with conservative treatment

• There is significant weakness or loss of function

• The patient is highly active or an athlete

Types of Surgical Treatment

• Arthroscopic repair

• Tendon reattachment

• Debridement of damaged tissue

Recovery Expectations

• Physical therapy is essential after surgery

• Recovery may take several months

• Gradual return to normal activities
  

If you are experiencing persistent shoulder pain or weakness, early evaluation can help determine the best treatment approach. Contact our office to schedule a consultation and develop a personalized plan.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

Knee pain is one of the most common orthopedic complaints, especially when walking, climbing stairs, or standing from a seated position. While occasional discomfort may not be serious, persistent or worsening pain can signal an underlying condition that requires evaluation.

Understanding the common causes of knee pain can help you determine when to seek care and what treatment options are available. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

Why Knee Pain Happens During Movement

The knee joint is significant weight and stress during everyday activities. Walking and stairs increase pressure on the joint, which can aggravate existing issues involving cartilage, ligaments, or surrounding tissues.

Common Causes of Knee Pain

1. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Runner’s Knee)

This condition causes pain around the kneecap, especially when:

• Walking downhill

• Climbing or descending stairs

• Sitting for long periods

2. Osteoarthritis

Degeneration of cartilage leads to:

• Stiffness

• Swelling

• Pain that worsens with activity

It is more common with age but can also develop earlier.

3. Meniscus Tears

The meniscus cushions the knee joint. A tear can cause:

• Pain with twisting or bending

• Clicking or locking sensations

• Difficulty with stairs

4. Tendonitis

Inflammation of the tendons, often from overuse, can cause pain during movement.

5. Ligament Injuries

Injuries such as ACL or MCL tears may result from trauma and can lead to instability and pain.

When to See a Specialist

You should seek medical evaluation if you experience:

• Persistent pain lasting more than a few weeks

• Swelling or stiffness

• Instability or the knee “giving out”

• Difficulty bearing weight

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Treatments

• Physical therapy to strengthen muscles

• Anti-inflammatory medications

• Activity modification

• Bracing or support

Surgical Options

If conservative treatments fail, surgery may be recommended, such as:

• Arthroscopic procedures

• Cartilage repair

• Joint replacement in advanced cases

Preventing Knee Pain

• Maintain a healthy weight

• Strengthen surrounding muscles

• Use proper footwear

• Avoid repetitive strain
  

If knee pain is affecting your daily activities, early evaluation can help prevent further damage and improve your quality of life. Contact our office to schedule an assessment and explore treatment options tailored to your needs.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada≈

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a painful condition that limits shoulder movement and can significantly interfere with daily activities. It often develops gradually and may take months or even years to fully resolve. Understanding why frozen shoulder occurs and which treatments are effective helps patients navigate recovery with confidence. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

What Is Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder occurs when the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint becomes inflamed and stiff. As this tissue thickens and tightens, shoulder movement becomes restricted and painful.

The condition typically progresses through stages, starting with pain and worsening stiffness before gradually improving.

Why Frozen Shoulder Develops

Frozen shoulder often develops after injury, surgery, or prolonged immobilization of the shoulder. It is also more common in people with diabetes, thyroid disorders, or other metabolic conditions.

In many cases, the exact cause is unknown, but inflammation and reduced joint use play a major role.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms include shoulder pain that worsens with movement, progressive stiffness, limited range of motion, and difficulty with activities such as reaching overhead or behind the back.

Pain is often worse at night and can disrupt sleep.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

Most cases of frozen shoulder improve with conservative treatment. Physical therapy is the cornerstone of treatment and focuses on gentle stretching and range-of-motion exercises.

Other treatments may include anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, and activity modification to reduce pain while maintaining mobility.

When Surgery Is Considered

Surgery is rarely the first option. It may be considered if symptoms persist despite months of non-surgical treatment. Surgical options aim to release tight tissue and restore movement.

Early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes and shorten recovery time.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

Arthroscopic knee surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat a variety of knee conditions. It allows orthopedic specialists to address joint problems through small incisions, resulting in less pain and faster recovery compared to open surgery. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

What Is Arthroscopic Knee Surgery

Arthroscopy involves inserting a small camera into the knee joint to visualize internal structures. Specialized instruments are then used to repair or remove damaged tissue.

Common conditions treated include meniscus tears, cartilage damage, ligament injuries, and loose bone fragments.

When Arthroscopic Surgery Is Recommended

Arthroscopic knee surgery is typically recommended when conservative treatments such as rest, physical therapy, and medication fail to relieve symptoms.

It is often appropriate for mechanical issues like catching, locking, or instability rather than generalized arthritis pain.

What to Expect During the Procedure

The procedure is usually performed on an outpatient basis. Most surgeries take one to two hours, and patients return home the same day.

Anesthesia type depends on the procedure and patient needs.

Recovery Expectations

Recovery time varies depending on the condition treated. Many patients begin physical therapy shortly after surgery to restore strength and range of motion.

Light activities are often resumed within a few weeks, while return to sports or high-impact activity may take longer.

Long-Term Outcomes

When appropriately recommended, arthroscopic knee surgery can significantly reduce pain and improve function. Following rehabilitation guidelines is essential for optimal results.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

Occasional joint pain is common, but chronic joint pain that persists or worsens over time should not be ignored. Early evaluation by an orthopedic specialist can prevent further damage and improve long-term outcomes. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

What Qualifies as Chronic Joint Pain

Joint pain is considered chronic when it lasts longer than several weeks or recurs frequently. Pain may be constant or activity-related and often limits movement or daily function.

Commonly affected joints include the knees, shoulders, hips, ankles, and elbows.

Warning Signs That Need Medical Evaluation

You should see an orthopedic specialist if you experience persistent swelling, stiffness, weakness, joint instability, or pain that does not improve with rest or over-the-counter treatment.

Night pain or pain that interferes with sleep is also a concern.

Common Causes of Chronic Joint Pain

Chronic joint pain may result from arthritis, tendon injuries, cartilage damage, ligament instability, or previous injuries that did not heal properly.

Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment.

How Orthopedic Specialists Diagnose Joint Pain

Diagnosis often includes a physical examination, imaging studies, and review of medical history. Identifying the underlying cause allows for targeted treatment.

Treatment Options

Treatment may include physical therapy, medication, injections, lifestyle modification, or surgical intervention depending on severity and diagnosis.

Why Early Care Matters

Early treatment helps reduce pain, preserve joint function, and prevent progression to more serious conditions. Addressing joint pain promptly leads to better outcomes and improved quality of life.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

Joint pain does not always require surgery. In many cases, physical therapy is the most effective first-line treatment. Knowing when physical therapy is the better option helps patients avoid unnecessary procedures and recover safely. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

How Physical Therapy Treats Joint Pain

Physical therapy focuses on strengthening muscles, improving flexibility, and correcting movement patterns that place stress on joints. It addresses the root cause of pain rather than just the symptoms.

Therapy programs are customized to the patient’s condition, activity level, and goals.

Conditions That Often Respond Well to Physical Therapy

Many joint issues improve with physical therapy, including tendonitis, muscle strains, early arthritis, mild ligament injuries, and overuse conditions.

Physical therapy can also help patients recover from injuries while avoiding surgery altogether.

Benefits of Choosing Physical Therapy First

Physical therapy is non-invasive and carries minimal risk. It helps preserve joint function, improve mobility, and reduce pain without the downtime associated with surgery.

In some cases, physical therapy may also improve surgical outcomes if surgery becomes necessary later.

When Surgery May Still Be Needed

If joint pain is caused by severe structural damage, instability, or advanced degeneration, surgery may eventually be required. Physical therapy is often used first to determine whether symptoms improve without surgical intervention.

Working With an Orthopedic Specialist

An orthopedic evaluation helps determine whether physical therapy, surgery, or a combination of treatments is most appropriate. Personalized care ensures the safest and most effective approach.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

Runner’s knee is a broad term used to describe pain around or behind the kneecap. It is one of the most common knee conditions among runners and active individuals. Understanding why runner’s knee develops and how to treat it helps athletes stay active and avoid long-term knee problems. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

What Causes Runner’s Knee

Runner’s knee is often caused by overuse, muscle imbalances, poor biomechanics, or improper training techniques. Weak hip or thigh muscles can affect kneecap alignment, leading to irritation and pain.

Worn footwear and sudden increases in training intensity also contribute to this condition.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms typically include a dull ache around the kneecap that worsens with running, squatting, climbing stairs, or sitting for long periods. Some patients experience popping or grinding sensations in the knee.

How Runner’s Knee Is Diagnosed

Diagnosis is based on a physical exam, movement assessment, and imaging when needed. Identifying contributing factors such as muscle weakness or gait issues is essential for effective treatment.

Treatment Options

Most cases respond well to conservative treatment. Rest, ice, physical therapy, and activity modification are commonly recommended. Physical therapy focuses on strengthening the hips and thighs, improving flexibility, and correcting movement patterns.

In some cases, bracing or orthotics may help improve alignment.

Preventing Runner’s Knee

Gradual training progression, proper footwear, cross-training, and strength training reduce the risk of runner’s knee. Addressing early symptoms prevents progression and prolonged downtime.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive technique used to diagnose and treat joint problems. It allows orthopedic surgeons to address injuries with smaller incisions, reduced pain, and faster recovery compared to traditional open surgery. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

What Is Arthroscopic Surgery

Arthroscopy involves inserting a small camera into the joint through a tiny incision. This camera provides a clear view of the joint interior on a monitor. Specialized instruments are then used through additional small incisions to perform the procedure.

Joints Commonly Treated With Arthroscopy

Arthroscopic surgery is commonly used on the knee, shoulder, hip, ankle, elbow, and wrist. It is effective for treating ligament injuries, cartilage damage, meniscus tears, and joint inflammation.

Why Arthroscopy Is Used

The minimally invasive nature of arthroscopy offers several advantages. Smaller incisions reduce tissue trauma, minimize scarring, and lower the risk of infection. Patients often experience less postoperative pain and faster rehabilitation.

What to Expect During the Procedure

Arthroscopic surgery is typically performed on an outpatient basis. Depending on the joint and procedure, local, regional, or general anesthesia may be used. Most procedures take one to two hours.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery time varies depending on the procedure and joint involved. Many patients begin physical therapy shortly after surgery to restore strength and mobility. Compared to open surgery, arthroscopy generally allows a quicker return to daily activities.

Is Arthroscopic Surgery Right for You

Not all joint problems require surgery. Arthroscopy is recommended when conservative treatments fail to relieve symptoms. A consultation with an orthopedic specialist helps determine whether this approach is appropriate for your condition.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada

Foot and ankle pain is often dismissed as a minor injury, especially after a twist or fall. While sprains are common, persistent or worsening pain may signal a more serious condition. Recognizing when foot and ankle pain requires medical attention helps prevent long-term damage. At the practice of Steven C. Thomas, MD and Donald W Pennington, DO, our board-certified  surgeons specialize in orthopedic procedures in the Las Vegas area.

Common Causes of Foot and Ankle Pain

Pain in the foot or ankle can result from overuse, trauma, structural abnormalities, or underlying conditions. Common causes include ligament injuries, tendon inflammation, stress fractures, arthritis, nerve compression, and plantar fasciitis.

Signs It May Be More Than a Sprain

You should seek evaluation if pain does not improve within a few days or worsens over time. Warning signs include persistent swelling, inability to bear weight, sharp or stabbing pain, numbness, visible deformity, or pain that returns repeatedly.

Ignoring these symptoms can lead to chronic instability or permanent damage.

Overuse Injuries and Stress Fractures

Repetitive stress from walking, running, or standing for long periods can cause micro-injuries that accumulate over time. Stress fractures may cause localized pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest.

Early diagnosis is critical to prevent progression to a complete fracture.

Evaluation and Diagnosis

An orthopedic specialist may perform a physical exam and imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI to determine the cause of pain. Accurate diagnosis allows for targeted treatment and faster recovery.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the underlying condition and may include rest, immobilization, physical therapy, custom orthotics, or medication. More advanced injuries may require injections or surgical intervention.

Why Early Care Matters

Prompt treatment helps restore function, reduce pain, and prevent chronic issues. Persistent foot and ankle pain should never be ignored.

Contact Surgeons Dr. Thomas and Dr. Pennington at the Knee and Shoulder Institute in Las Vegas, NV to Schedule an Appointment:

If you would like to schedule an appointment or learn more about the Knee and Shoulder Institute procedures & treatments,contact the office today click here.

Serving patients from and around greater Las Vegas, Lake Havasu, Bullhead City, Mesquite, Pahrump, Nevada